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The Modern Butlers’ Journal for Service Professionals Worldwide, April, 2012

BlueLogo2011web The Modern Butlers’ Journal for Service Professionals Worldwide, February, 2012

The Modern Butlers’ Journal volume 8, issue 4

International Institute of Modern Butlers

IIMB Chairman Steven Ferry The Modern Butlers’ Journal for Service Professionals Worldwide, February, 2012Message from the Chairman

Last year, the Institute engaged in a first for the profession: the training of guest-facing staff of an upscale retirement community in the superior service skills of butlers. The staff are not butlers and do not provide all the services that a butler could in a private estate or even a hotel, but they know how to deliver the same solicitous level of caring service. The media picked up on it this year, validating the experiment carried on by the visionary owners and management of On the Avenue, in Toronto, Canada. This is just one project across various industries and walks of life where the Institute is engaged in its mission: the application of butler standards and expectations of service to all service industries. The target we’d like to approach next? How about government agencies, some of which excel and some of which leave much to be desired?

On a different note, the MBJ is available to anyone with something of interest or value to the profession, to share their information. Feel free to email your best efforts: the editor won’t bite, promise.

 Letters to the Editor

 Photo by Janos Feher

“I appreciate all you do for the profession!  I stumbled across and printed the article on Brand Butler a while back and am trying to relocate it so I can forward it to colleagues for use in an upcoming DEMA meeting in Greenwich. Can you send the link to relocate it? GW

Editor: Thank you. We have had the published articles on the profession (some thirty of them) placed in their own category again just recently: With the upgrade in design of the Modern Butlers web site last year, the articles, and the wealth of information they provided, were mixed in with blogs and Modern Butler Journals, so became hard to find. Sorry for the inconvenience.  You can find that article, as with all the published articles, at resources>published articles.

As an additional side note to the readership, the list now includes the latest article just published, What is Behind the Gyrations of the World Economy & Where is It Going?  One person expressed disappointment last year at finding an article not directly relating to the butler profession included in the MBJ—one that addressed the concern expressed by many at the time about Fukushima Daiichi, the radiation possibly impacting all life on earth from the Japanese nuclear reactor breakdowns.

As with the world economy article, both issues have some impact on butlers in private service and their employers, as well as butlers in hospitality and other sectors, and their colleagues and employers. By impact is meant having some bearing upon their ability to do their work effectively, not to mention their welfare.

The MBJ, therefore, will continue to carry such papers and articles very occasionally as a service to its membership. The next one being researched is our food and water supply and quality—something, we believe, most people will concede has some bearing upon a butler’s ability to provide his or her most traditional of services.

***

“I agree that quite a few butler academies copy and paste their materials. I saw this first in 2000 in [Ed: location deleted]. Some see the prices that can be charged for courses and think that, with little-to-no knowledge, they can make money by setting up an academy. There is a relatively new academy in the world that makes me crazy with its emails, Twitter, and Facebook outpourings. I asked where they acquired their experience and who had labelled them the best in the world, as was being claimed. No satisfactory answer was received, of course. Only clients give you such a label by inviting you again. It is disconcerting that such people are given assignments by principals who most of the time have no idea they are being shortchanged because they look to that person for guidance on what is a butler.” TW

***

“I am shocked but not surprised at the foreshortened butler training that is taking place, as covered in this most recent MBJ. I have witnessed or heard about this time and again (as have many other professionals, no doubt)—the perpetrators putting on a good dog-and-pony show that provides instant gratification until the unfortunate lack of change or improvement in the real world leaves the employer or manager back in the same unhappy position: needing to train their employees: this standard does create a negative impression and stigmatize the profession as a whole. AJS.

***

Scam Alert: One member asked for advice on a job offer from a Jefferson Hotel in the US—a curious move, given that he is in private service, but he is free to move in any direction he pleases and so, as he was unfamiliar with the US environment, felt some advice to be in order: “I have just received the attached job offer, if I may please ask for your opinion? I applied online a while ago and this is the response.” He had spotted already that hours were listed as Monday through Friday and additionally, web sites, email addresses, and area codes were inconsistent.

Editor: Too many things do not make sense, most particularly the use of language; the amount of time off (usual in the US is 2 weeks, not 2 months plus 20 days); and the requirements that the applicant arrange his visa through a specific office. 

To all private service and hospitality butlers outside the US hoping for a position, please see this link and steer clear of this scam.

Butlers in the Media

An interesting article in the Sunday Independent about domestic service in the UK, which seems representative of service in other countries (with [apologies for not including it in the last MBJ and] thanks toMr. Aris Chrisanthakopoulos, who brought it to our attention and is quoted in the article).

Forbes Travel Guide provides a short summary of three “unique” butler services in hotels: a fragrance butler  (which is new, although the person bringing the goodies to guests is not a butler); a waiter who presents tea as a “tea butler” (the photograph shows a well-presented tea service, but the service is far from unique); and a bath butler (not unique either, and the menu is not overly creative, but  the butler is delivering it and no doubt guests enjoy it).

In a wonderful example of the media having a firm idea of what they want to say and finding information to support it, come what may, a Bloomberg reporter ignored my information to publish the fiction that lady butlers are paid more than their male counterparts. How did they come to this conclusion? Bloomberg reviewed census data, where butlers, apparently, are placed in the same category as  house sitters and shoe shiners—where females earn $1.02 for every $1 their male counterparts earn and the average income is  $25,000 pa. While the main thrust of the article is fine—showing that in most professions, males are paid more than females—what makes the article illogical in respect to butlers is

a) the incorrect assumption that butlers are the same as shoe shiners and house sitters in terms of professional skills and salary ranges. Yes, they work to service others in a private capacity, but using the same level of logic, one could equally well combine the chairman of Goldman Sachs and his secretary into a single category of “finance” and reach a similarly illogical conclusion;

b) the idea that, because female shoe shiners (have you ever seen a female shoe shiner?) earn 2 cents more per shoe shine than men, female butlers earn more, too;

c) Omitted information: of the 38,210 people surveyed in this category, how many were butlers? 3? 300?

As I told the reporter, nobody knows whether male butlers are paid more than female butlers. As we all know, salaries are all over the map depending on the employer,  the duties demanded of the butler, the experience of the butler, the value to the employer of that particular butler, etc. The gender of the butler has no bearing on salary range. And as salary is only part of the entire package when room, board, transport, health insurance and bonuses are factored in, salary alone would be an incomplete measure.

Oh dear, another “The butler did it” reported in a variety of media. Whenever tired writers see the word “butler,” the rest of the phrase that should immediately be struck from what they are writing, inevitably makes its way into print anyway. In this case, however, there is the possibility that the butler did do it, and a jury has just decided as much. Of what was he found guilty? Helping hold his employer to ransom at syringe point and then fleeing with nary a penny but apparently leaving behind enough clues to make sure he was caught.

Do we have to cringe, as a professional body? Yes, but it would be instructive to consider whether the butler was ever trained as one and what other qualifications he might have had to lay claim to such a title. As far as can be determined using the information available in the media, the butler worked for the victim for only a few months in 2006  before being fired for crashing one of the employer’s vehicles while using it on an unauthorized personal trip. Prior to this position as “butler,” he held chauffeur and personal assistant positions for three New York families. Judging from his background and his ethic level, it seems his hiring as a butler was the result of the willingness by agencies and employers to take on butlers based on experience in similar lines of work, and without any training for the position—as logical as hiring a trainee accountant to work as a lawyer because they are both professional services required to deal with business and government requirements.

The home invasion was not just a case of a bad apple, but also a flawed system that we, the various professions involved in private service, can do something about to better serve our clientele.

The wonders of technology: there is now a car butler in your iPhone.

by Wayne Fitzharris of Global Search International

To update all readers of the Modern Butlers’ Journal on the last MBJ post on The Butler movie being directed by Lee Daniels, you will be pleased to know that more progress is being made in the casting: It has been reported that Jane Fonda will play Nancy Reagan, and Forrest Whitaker, Oprah Winfrey, and David Oyelowo may also be in the cast.

Mr. Allen began his career in 1952, when segregation laws were still in place, working his way up from the pantry to waiter to Maitre D’ and finally to White House butler, serving under eight Presidents before retiring in 1986.

Reportedly, First Lady Nancy Reagan came looking for Eugene in the kitchen one day: She wanted to remind him about the upcoming state dinner for then German Chancellor, Helmut Kohl. Mr. Allen told her he was well ahead in the planning and had already picked out the china. She replied that he would not be working that night: “You and Helene are coming to the state dinner as guests of President Reagan and myself.”

Few butlers there are who can make such a claim.

Placement 

We have noticed a definite increase in requests for butlers in private estates, as well as head butlers, from various parts of the world. If you are in, or anticipate being in, the job market again, and we do not have your resume/CV or a recent copy, feel free to e-mail  it with a statement of your position and location goals, and salary requirements.

Alternatively, if you have experience in hospitality, catering, or customer service, then the Queen of England is looking for a footman to provide a range of services, from messenger and valeting duties to food and beverage service to members of the Royal Family and their guests. Live-in, 15,000 GBP—meager salary but an excellent opportunity to learn the ropes (including training and apprenticeship) and launch yourself in this new profession while serving a notable family.

Casting call for any Brits living in, or able to work in, the US, who would like to audition for a TV series on the day-to-day life of a British household staff working with an American family. The New York-based production company specializes in documentaries  and (non-gutter) reality television. Positions available: housekeeper; chauffeur, nanny, and PA/Secretary—the last three needing to be in their 20s and 30s. Email if interested.

Cigars, Part II

frankmitchell The Modern Butlers’ Journal for Service Professionals Worldwide, February, 2012 by Frank Mitchell 

Harvesting & Processing Tobacco Part 1

The traditional tobacco harvest is somewhat unusual in that, rather than bringing the harvest in all at once as with other crops, the leaves are harvested in phases. Called ‘priming’, the plants are primed in thirds or fifths, meaning that there will be either three or five harvests to complete the process.

The plant is harvested from the bottom up as the leaves nearest the bottom start turning brown first. In this way, eac successive priming moves up the plant until the final priming removes the leaves at the top.

The leaves may be plucked with a rapid downward motion, or may be cut off with a small hatchet. The leaves are very large, and there will typically be 18 useable leaves spread over five primings. From bottom to top, these primings are referred to as Volado, Seco, Viso, Ligero, and Corona. These areas of the plant are defined and named as they have special significance to cigar makers. Some parts of the plant produce leaves that are stronger in flavour, while others are weaker. All are used in different ways – they may become cigar filler, binders, or wrappers.

This method of harvesting is obviously very labour intensive and is only used where labour costs are low, or when making premium handmade cigars. The alternative is whole-stalk harvesting, where the entire plant is simply cut off at the base.

Tobacco drying, photo by Words & Images

Once the leaves have been harvested, they must be dried slowly to prevent rot. The process is called “curing” and takes from 25 to 45 days. The leaves may be tied in bunches and suspended from horizontal poles, or they may be pierced and strung up to dry. During curing, the fresh, bright green leaves turn brown and develop their distinctive aroma as the chlorophyll slowly breaks down and is replaced by carotene. By varying the curing process, the colour of the final leaf can be manipulated.

Tobacco drying shed Windsor, CT. Photo by Words & Images

In warm climates, air drying takes place in well ventilated barns with slatted sides. The temperature inside can be controlled by opening or closing wide doors, following the passage of the sun across the sky. An alternative, called flue curing, is used in cooler climates. Here the barn is heated but care must be taken to prevent the leaves drying out too quickly. Sawdust or hardwood may also be burnt in the barn to aid drying and impart flavour. These curing barns are often located alongside the very fields in which the tobacco is grown.

Let’s Talk about Wine, Part V

Amer1x1inch The Modern Butlers’ Journal for Service Professionals Worldwide, February, 2012 by Amer Vargas 

Champagne bottle by Creative Tools

In the current article, we deal with the production of the most famous of alcoholic drinks, the king of wines, Champagne.

To start with, Champagne is a sparkling wine, but not all sparkling wines are Champagne. The drink acquired its name from the region in the North-East of France where it is produced. Any wine made under the same conditions, with the same ingredients and following the same procedure has no right to call itself Champagne if it is not grown in this region; instead, it’s called sparkling wine, with the right to show on the label that it has followed the same procedure. What’s so special about Champagne, the region? Both its climate and its soil: temperature and humidity are ideal for growing the particular grapes to make the desired drink, and the soil is very rich in chalk and very absorbent, allowing the vines to obtain just the right amount of water needed to prevent them from drying out or drowning.

Champagne is made of 3 different grape varietals mainly, that can be used singly or mixed in different percentages. Other varietals are sometimes used to give the drink different hints of flavor.

Chardonay by Pete Markham. Chardonnay is the only white grape used, giving Champagne its freshness and flower notes;
Pinot Meunier by Konk Niffe. Pinot Meunier is a small red grape with very dark skin but very clear must, giving a little acidity to the drink;
Pinot Noir by N. Murayama. Pinot Noir is a slightly larger red grape that adds full acidity, body and structure.

Pinot Noir is the kind of grape that improves with aging, so it’s presence is especially important in Champagnes to be aged for several years.

If the Champagne is made of 100% Chardonnay, it’s called Blanc de Blancs (white of whites), and if it’s 100% Pinot Noir, Noir de Noirs (black of blacks), due to the color of the grape skin used.

Champagne is made using the “Méthode Champenoise” or “Méthode Traditionnel.” Legend has it that Champagne was fine-tuned by a Benedictine monk called Dom Pérignon in the second half of 17th century (yes, the same famous Champagne brand).

In the beginning of the 17th century, many wine producers from the area started to bottle their white wines before the fermentation had finished in order to preserve the aromas. As a result, bubbles where produced (without them initially realizing it) and vintners started to worry and call that drink the “devil’s wine,” as bottles suddenly exploded or the cork simply popped out. Dom Pérignon introduced some changes that would lead to the creation of the exquisite libation we enjoy nowadays: he was the first one to choose the grapes carefully to make the best wines in the area, and took care of the devil by holding the cork with a stiff metal staple and bottling the drink in thicker glass bottles (made available courtesy of advances in the manufacture of glass bottles by the British, who were actually the first to make sparkling wines—but that is a different story).

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The Institute is dedicated to raising service standards by broadly disseminating the mindset and skills of that time-honored, quintessential service provider, the British Butler, adapted to the needs of modern employers and guests in staffed homes, luxury hotels, resort,  spas, retirement communities, jets, yachts, & cruise ships around the world.

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Newsletter

The Modern Butlers’ Journal for Service Professionals Worldwide, March, 2012

BlueLogo2011web The Modern Butlers’ Journal for Service Professionals Worldwide, February, 2012

The Modern Butlers’ Journal volume 8, issue 3

International Institute of Modern Butlers

IIMB Chairman Steven Ferry The Modern Butlers’ Journal for Service Professionals Worldwide, February, 2012Message from the Chairman

Copying, copyright, and doing the right thing

The gap between what is promised and what is delivered is not always so visible

You may have noticed the MBJ has a new look—fewer photographs. This is the result of a rather heavy handed enforcement of copyrights by lawyers trolling the Web for improper usage. We had inadvertently used one image that we had thought had been in the public domain. We have no issue with enforcement of copyright—we have, after all, seen such copying of our own material as the entire web site, down to font, color, and commas, by some outfit out of China. It took persistence to have it removed.

More common is the usage of our concepts and text by others in our industry. The most recent example was brought to our attention a couple of days ago, when an affiliate in the Far East asked us to confirm that a training outline from a web site was correct. In checking, we found that this site had copied verbatim from another site, which, in turn, had copied verbatim from our site.

I have brought this up in an earlier Journal: if an individual is so short of ideas and original thought that he or she has to copy the work of others and hide their source, they could at least put some effort into it and use their own words. Simply cutting and pasting betrays a lack of effort and understanding that would neither serve nor impress potential buyers of their services. Those clients won’t know until the copycat arrives on their doorstep and fails to deliver the expected level of service. Then, over time, word spreads and the individual goes out of business. Maybe these people should quit while they are ahead, instead of leaving upset clients in their wake and muddying up the industry.

Along the same line, I need to beat another drum about a similar “quicky impulse” that is degrading our profession. As we have just posted on our home page, our consulting and training rates are the highest in the industry for the simple reason that we believe five-star standards are best served by five-star training. This does not mean exorbitant rates, but it does mean that when we write proposals, they are designed to bring about well-trained butlers who are a credit to their employers. We are happy to bid on, and participate in, projects where this is the understanding and the goal. However, we cannot endorse training of butlers in a day or two just so a certificate can be issued—the butlers know when they have been trained properly, as do their employers and guests. The simple truth is, it is well-trained butlers, not certificates, that provide superior service.

To the majority who understand that the butler profession is principally about quality, not superficial appearances, thank you!

 Letters to the Editor

Photo by Janos Feher

 

I have some reservations about the article in The Guardian that was mentioned in the last MBJ and signed by an unknown ‘Stevens’—a reason to suspect that the article may not be genuine. What is more suspicious is that this reported colleague confuses the duties of a butler with those of a valet and personal assistant. It is true that sometime the three roles can be combined into a wider butler role, but the butler is inevitably attached to an employer’s property, today as in the past, and yet Stevens travels around the whole time with his employer. Stevens concludes that his job ‘hasn’t changed much since the 19th-century, other than the fact I carry two Blackberrys instead of tails.’ The reality is indeed that the job has not changed at all if we talk about the mindset and the tradition: The key difference is probably in the complexity and size of the properties and the number of members of staff we are today called to manage, which has decreased over the last century.” G.L.

Editor Note: Thank you for your observations and thoughts. We are happy to take Stevens at face value—his misnomer could perhaps be ascribed to his lack of formal training, having switched to the profession (obviously quite successfully) from acting.

Butlers in the Media

The White House Butler

Eugene Allen, the butler who worked at the White House in Washington DC under eight presidents from 1952 to 1986, will have his life immortalized in a planned film aptly called The Butler by director Lee Daniels. Oprah Winfrey is in talks about playing the role of Mrs. Allen. The source for the film appears to be Wil Haygood’s A Butler Well Served by This Election, a story published in a Washington Post edition during 2008. Hopefully, the source will be augmented by enough material for an accurate portrayal. Lee Daniels seems to specialize in macabre movies (The Paperboy and The Precious), so hopefully this one will be a break from his norm.

The Secret Appeal of Downton Abbey

In an article entitled The Secret Appeal of Downton Abbey, the Wall Street Journal explains the popularity of Downton Abbey in the United States as being based on a voyeurism or “pornography of class and hierarchy.” Points good and bad are made, the worst assumption being that happiness depends upon wealth; the worst assertion being that we are all snobs; and the best insight (wonderfully phrased) being, “Downton Abbey portrays a fairy-tale way of life in which butlers and footmen appear far better dressed than today’s billionaires—many of whom, after making their fortune, seem to want to be sartorially indistinguishable from the most sloppily dressed adolescent rebel. The series thus satisfies a secret or vicarious longing for elegance without imposing the hard work that’s necessary to achieve it in reality.”

Placement 

Upbeat Household Manager  required for family in large estate in Miami. Must speak Spanish to manage the  large number of staff.

A PA/Valet for high-profile individual traveling extensively between London, New York, Kuwait, and his yacht.

Email us if you are interested and feel you might qualify.

Cigars, Part II

frankmitchell The Modern Butlers’ Journal for Service Professionals Worldwide, February, 2012 by Frank Mitchell 

 Growing Tobacco

It is believed that tobacco may have been cultivated in the Americas as far back as 6,000BC. These days Brazil, China, USA, Turkey and India produce about 2/3rds of the world’s tobacco. Our focus for this instalment will be Cuba, as we are interested in tobacco grown for use in premium cigars, rather than the mass agriculture of cigarette tobacco.

At one point, Greece was the only country in the world dedicating more land to tobacco cultivation than Cuba.  This is extraordinary if one considers that Cuba is about the size of Pennsylvania. While Cuba is not ranked in the top ten producers by yield, it certainly is considered one of the best in terms of quality. Both the lower production figures and the high quality of Cuban tobacco may be attributed partly to their use of traditional labour-intensive farming methods. In addition, the climate and soil in certain parts of this country seem almost uniquely suited to growing this crop.

85% of tobacco grown in Cuba is produced by small-scale farmers belonging to the National Association of Small Farmers. Such farmers are historically more productive than the state-owned cooperatives, producing a leaf yield of up to 80% per plant while some state-owned farms manage only 10-20%. For some years now, the Cuban government has been returning land to small farmers in the interests of both higher yields and quality.

The premier tobacco growing regions in Cuba are; Oriente, Remedios, Partidos, Semi-Vuelta, and Vuelta Abajo, with the Vuelta Abajo region generally being regarded as the finest.

Tobacco is part of the nightshade family of plants (Solanaceae), of the genus Nicotiana. There are many types of tobacco, but Cuba mostly grows varieties of Criollo and Corojo.  Criollo is considered one of the original Cuban

An old tobacco press in a Connecticut plantation, photo by Words & Images

tobaccos and can be traced back to the time of Columbus. Corojo on the other hand dates back to the 1930’s and was originally used as wrapper leaf, relegating the Criollo leaves to the inside of the cigar. Subsequently, it was found that if Criollo is given the proper care and grown in the shade, it too can make a good wrapper leaf. In the 1990’s Corojo was replaced with a less delicate hybrid, Habana 2000. These days Cuba mostly plants two hybrid strains, Criollo ‘98 which is Blue Mould resistant and Corojo ’99.

The seeds are as fine as ground pepper and are sowed on top of the soil as they need sunlight to germinate. In some countries the seedlings must to be protected from frost by germinating them under glass in the early spring. In warmer climates it is only necessary to cover them with thin cloth to protect them from beetles. Once the seedling is around 8 inches tall, it will be planted out in the fields and may still be grown under muslin tents if shade-grown wrapper leaves are required.

Tobacco is an annual crop and if the planting is done by hand, it will be done after the rain so that the seedlings can be planted in moist soil. This is not necessary when using an automated planting machine, as it waters the hole it makes before planting the seedling.

The plants remain susceptible to water stress and need to be kept in well-drained, moist soil. Tobacco fields are also usually well tended as the plants do not like competing with weeds for water.

Tobacco growers traditionally spoke of the magic sixes – six weeks to germinate, six weeks to grow, six weeks to harvest, six weeks to cure and six weeks to ferment. Obviously the actual timing can be affected by many factors, but the ‘magic sixes’ remain a valid, if somewhat coarse guideline. Unless a farmer wants to collect seed, the plants will be topped as soon as they start forming flowers. This allows the upper leaves to grow larger and thicker than they would otherwise. Soon after topping, axillary buds will begin forming and these buds, called suckers, must also be removed otherwise they will reduce the quality of the tobacco leaf.

Next month we will discuss the harvest, as this is done in stages, different leaves being put to different use.

Click on http://www.businessinsider.com/cuba-tobacco-farm-2011-9 to see some beautiful pictures of tobacco farming in Cuba taken over a ten-year period by photographer John Valls.

 

Let’s Talk about Wine, Part IV

Amer1x1inch The Modern Butlers’ Journal for Service Professionals Worldwide, February, 2012 by Amer Vargas 

Stabilization in barrels, photo by Robert Mondavi

After the must has undergone the desired fermentation and/or maceration, the drink is ready for the next step, called stabilization, in which the tank is emptied through a large strainer into a container so as to separate the liquid

from the skins and pips. This wine is then transferred into iron or concrete tanks, or wooden barrels where it becomes the best quality wine (compared to lesser-quality wine obtained by pressing the skins and pips again).

 At this stage, the wine is allowed to go through malolactic fermentation (as explained in last article) if desired, to have lighter and fresher wines, reducing its acidity and giving more complexity.

From cloudy alcoholic juice to pre-wine

At this stage, the wine is a dark and cloudy drink and the next steps is designed to improve the appearance and taste: this is where the so famous “aging” starts that can last from several months to many years!

Aging begins with racking the wine, which involves naturally clarifying it: low temperatures prompt the sediments to fall to the bottom of the containers, so leaving a clearer drink that is then transferred to a clean receptacle. This, done several times during the aging period, will change the liquid into a more palatable and visually appealing drink.

Red wine can also be filtered through soils, as mentioned in the earlier article on white wine production, so that the resulting drink is an almost completely bright and clear beverage.

The real wine: blending

After the wine is clean and has aged as long as the vintner determines to be necessary, it is ready for blending. What is blending? It’s when different wines (from different varietals and/or after undergoing different fermentations or macerations) are mixed according to a determined percentage of each, to create a unique libation.

This is where oenologists (wine experts) move into action: each year the grapes are different because of different climate conditions, yet all brands like to keep the same taste under the same label year after year. The oenologist takes samples of the wines so that, after tasting, he or she can decide what wines and in what percentage to blend to achieve the desired final red.

Once the percentages are established, they are blended in big tanks and the resulting brew is ready to go through different filters to remove smaller particles, and then through a filtering device after which the wine is ready to be bottled.

Bottling wine, photo by BillBl

 

With the wine in the bottle, the last step involves inserting an appropriate cork and removing the oxygen from inside to avoid the development of microorganisms and any uncontrolled

Aging wine in bottles, photo by Guttorm Flatab

evolution.

Some wines are, at this point, ready for sale; others will spend a few or many years in the bottle in cellars, far from strong lighting and maintained at constant temperatures. The wine will increase in complexity as it ages, requiring only good care and time.

In the next article, we will toast with a glass of the most famous wine the world over—Champagne.

 

 

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The Institute is dedicated to raising service standards by broadly disseminating the mindset and skills of that time-honored, quintessential service provider, the British Butler, adapted to the needs of modern employers and guests in staffed homes, luxury hotels, resort,  spas, retirement communities, jets, yachts, & cruise ships around the world.